Juilliard's three regular performing ensembles - the JUILLIARD ORCHESTRA, the Juilliard Symphony, and the New Juilliard Ensemble (which specializes in the performance of new works) - present more than 30 concerts each season. For the Juilliard Centennial season, the ensembles offer numerous performances in Carnegie, Avery Fisher, and Alice Tully Halls, as well as Juilliard's Peter Jay Sharp Theater.

The 2005/06 season also brings the Juilliard Orchestra to concert halls across the country and in Europe. Beginning in August of 2005, the Orchestra, led by Juilliard's new Director of Conducting and Orchestral Studies James DePreist, performed with violinist and Juilliard alumna Sarah Chang at the Lucerne and the Aldeburgh festivals, and at Helsinki's "Rock Church," as well as with Juilliard violinist Tai Murray at the young.euro.classic festival in Berlin. In December 2005, the Juilliard Orchestra began its national tour with a concert at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts featuring conductor (and alumnus) James Conlon. The Centennial tour continues in March 2006 with conductor James DePreist leading performances with pianist and Juilliard alumnus and faculty member Joseph Kalichstein.

The Juilliard Orchestra has recorded three albums of works by modern American master composers for New World Records, and is featured, along with members of the Juilliard Opera Center, in a Delos recording of two operas by William Schuman, The Mighty Casey and A Question of Taste. The Juilliard Orchestra also has recorded, on the EMI Classics label, violin concertos with Itzhak Perlman as soloist, led by Lawrence Foster.

The Juilliard Orchestra has toured Japan and France, and performed a series of concerts at the Bermuda Festival. In 1987 it was the first Western conservatory ensemble allowed to visit and perform in the People's Republic of China after the end of the Cultural Revolution. The orchestra's Far East tour (with Stanislaw Skrowaczewski) included stops in Japan (Tokyo and Osaka) and Hong Kong, with violin soloist Midori. The Juilliard Orchestra was resident ensemble at the Evian Festival in 1992, and at the Festival dei due Monde in Spoleto, Italy in 2003 and 2004.